![]() The 2011 IOM report appropriately calls attention to the substantial burden of pain in the United States and estimates that “chronic pain alone affects approximately 100 million U.S. population (25.3 million people) was experiencing daily chronic pain (pain every day for the past 3 months). Using self-reported data from the 2011 National Health Interview Survey's Functioning and Disability Supplement, Nahin (2015) estimates that at the time of the survey, 11.2 percent of the adult U.S. ![]() As described in the 2011 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report Relieving Pain in America ( IOM, 2011), pain is a significant public health problem, although estimates of the number of people living with chronic pain in the United States vary widely in population-level surveys (see Croft et al., 2010 Johannes et al., 2010 Nahin, 2015 Portenoy et al., 2004). A main objective of this chapter is to situate opioids within the broader armamentarium of treatments available for management of pain and to identify potential opportunities for reduced reliance on these medications.Ĭhronic pain generally is defined as pain lasting 3 or more months or beyond the time of normal tissue healing ( Dowell et al., 2016). The next section examines differences in pain experiences and treatment effectiveness among subpopulations, and the final section briefly addresses the intersection between pain and opioid use disorder (OUD) (discussed in greater detail in Chapter 3). This section is particularly important in helping to contextualize the evidence of effectiveness and limitations for various treatments for pain, given the burden of pain, the risks associated with undertreatment, and the pervasiveness of opioid use and related dose-dependent risks. The chapter then presents a detailed discussion of the various pain treatment modalities, reviewing in turn opioid analgesics, nonopioid pharmacologic treatments, interventional pain therapies, and nonpharmacologic treatments. ![]() The first section summarizes the scope of the problem of pain, focusing in particular on chronic, or persistent, pain, the form most associated with problematic use of opioids. This chapter addresses the scope of the problem of pain in the United States and its association with opioids, and the effectiveness of pharmacologic (both opioid and nonopioid) and nonpharmacologic treatments that may, alone or in combination, help individuals manage pain. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |